What is the net gain of atp at the end of glycolysis?

At the end of glycolysis, which is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules. This occurs through the process of substrate-level phosphorylation, where ATP is produced by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP.

During glycolysis, a total of 4 ATP molecules are produced, but 2 ATP molecules are consumed in the initial steps of the process. This results in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules at the end of glycolysis.

In addition to ATP, glycolysis also produces 2 molecules of NADH, which can be used to generate more ATP through the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. Overall, glycolysis is an important energy-producing pathway that is essential for cellular respiration and energy metabolism in the body.